胃 癌症

迹象 & 症状

胃癌，也叫胃癌，在扩散之前很难被发现. Often, there are no 症状 in the early stages. When 症状 do occur, they may include the following:

• 消化不良或胃灼热
• 腹部不适或疼痛
• 恶心和呕吐
• 腹泻或便秘
• Bloating of the stomach after meals
• 食欲不振
• 虚弱和疲劳
• Bleeding, including vomiting blood or having blood in the stool

诊断

找出症状的原因, your doctor will take your medical history, perform a physical exam and recommend laboratory studies. You also may have one or all of the following exams:

• 粪便隐血试验(FOBT). FOBT is a check for hidden (occult) blood in the stool. 这个测试是通过将少量粪便放在塑料载玻片或特殊的纸上来完成的. It may be tested in your doctor's office or sent to a laboratory. 做这个检查是因为胃癌有时会导致看不见的出血. 然而, noncancerous conditions also may cause bleeding, so having blood in the stool does not necessarily mean that a person has cancer.
• 上GI系列. 这些都是 X-rays of the esophagus and stomach (the upper gastrointestinal, or GI, tract). X-rays are taken after you drink a barium solution, a thick, chalky liquid. This test is sometimes called a barium swallow. 钡在x光片上勾勒出胃的轮廓，帮助十大赌博平台排行榜发现肿瘤或其他异常区域. 在检查过程中，你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会向胃里充气，使小肿瘤更容易被发现.
• 内窥镜检查. 这是一个 检查食道和胃 使用薄板, lighted tube called a gastroscope, which is passed through the mouth and esophagus to the stomach. Your throat is sprayed with a local anesthetic to reduce discomfort and gagging. You also may receive medicine to relax them. 通过胃镜，十大赌博平台排行榜可以直接看到胃的内部. 如果发现异常区域, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可以做活检, or remove some tissue through the gastroscope.
• 活组织检查. A 活组织检查 is a tissue sample that is examined under a microscope, the only sure way to know whether cancer cells are present.

治疗

放射治疗

放射疗法是利用x射线或其他高能射线杀死癌细胞并缩小肿瘤. 胃癌的放射治疗来自体外的机器，或称外放射治疗. Radiation can be used alone or in addition to surgery and chemotherapy.

化疗

化疗 uses drugs to kill cancer cells. 化疗可以服用药片，也可以用针刺入静脉或肌肉. 化疗被称为全身治疗，因为药物进入血液, 穿过身体, and can kill cancer cells outside the stomach.

手术后未发现癌细胞时进行的治疗称为辅助治疗. 有证据表明，胃癌手术后的辅助治疗包括化疗和放疗对一些患者是有效的.

手术

手术, called gastrectomy, is the most common treatment for stomach cancer. 外科十大赌博平台排行榜切除部分或全部胃，以及胃周围的一些组织.

胃部分切除后, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜将你胃的剩余部分连接到食道或小肠. 在全胃切除术后，你的十大赌博平台排行榜将食道直接连接到你的小肠.

Because cancer can spread through the lymphatic system, 肿瘤附近的淋巴结通常在手术中被切除，这样病理学家就可以检查它们是否有癌细胞.